//Define the Prototype Interface and Handler Objects.

//Define the IPrototype abstract to be used as the base class for the main Prototype classes.
//The class defines the Clone() method (which does a shallow copy of the original object) and the DeepCopy() method.
//A shallow copy creates a new instance of the same type as the original object, and then copies the nonstatic fields of the original object; if the field is a value type, a bit-by-bit copy of the field is performed; If the field is a reference type, the reference is copied but the referred object is not; therefore, the reference in the original object and the reference in the clone point to the same object.
//In contrast, a deep copy of an object duplicates everything directly or indirectly referenced by the fields in the object.
[Serializable]
public abstract class IPrototype
{
public ProtoType Clone()
{
return (ProtoType) MemberwiseClone();
}

public ProtoType DeepCopy()
{
MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();
BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
formatter.Serialize(stream, this);
stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
ProtoType copy = (ProtoType) formatter.Deserialize(stream);
stream.Close();
return (copy);
}
}

//The DeeperData class (object) is an extension to the Prototype class (object) and represents a referred object in the Prototype class (object).
[Serializable]
public class DeeperData
{
public string Data { get; set; }

public DeeperData(string s)
{
Data = s;
}

public override string ToString()
{
return (Data);
}
}

//The ProtoType class (object) represents the original prototype class, from which other classes will be cloned.
[Serializable]
public class ProtoType : IPrototype
{
public string Country { get; set; }
public string Capital { get; set; }
public DeeperData Language { get; set; }

public ProtoType(string country, string capital, string language)
{
Country = country;
Capital = capital;
Language = new DeeperData(language);
}

public override string ToString()
{
return string.Format("{0}\t\t{1}\t\t->{2}", Country, Capital, Language);
}
}